Handling visa requirements for accompanying family members depends on the primary visa holder's status, the type of visa, and the relationship to the family members. Each family member must typically submit a separate visa application, and the process varies significantly between temporary visitor visas, student-dependent visas, employment-based dependent visas, and family-based immigrant visas. The most common pathways involve either applying for dependent visas (such as F-2, H-4, or L-2) or securing visitor visas (B-1/B-2) for short-term stays. Documentation, financial proof, and demonstrating the temporary nature of the visit (for non-immigrant visas) are critical to approval.

Key findings from the sources:

• Separate applications required: Every family member, including children, must submit an individual visa application, even if listed in the primary applicant’s passport ^[1].
• Dependent visa categories: Spouses and unmarried children under 21 can often obtain derivative visas (e.g., H-4 for H-1B holders, F-2 for F-1 students) with proof of relationship and the primary visa holder’s status ^[5].
• Visitor visas for non-dependents: Family members not eligible for dependent status (e.g., parents, siblings) must apply for B-1/B-2 visitor visas, providing evidence of ties to their home country and financial support ^[3].
• Documentation is critical: Required documents typically include passports, birth/marriage certificates, financial proof, and invitation letters from the primary visa holder ^[3].

Visa Options and Application Processes for Accompanying Family

Dependent Visas for Long-Term Stays

Dependent visas allow family members to reside in the host country for the duration of the primary visa holder’s stay, with varying rights to work or study. These visas are tied to the primary applicant’s status and require proof of relationship, financial support, and compliance with visa-specific regulations.

For F-1/J-1 student visa holders, spouses and unmarried children under 21 can apply for F-2 or M-2 dependent visas. Key requirements include:

• An original Form I-20 issued by the student’s school, listing the dependent’s name ^[8].
• Proof of financial support to cover the dependent’s living expenses, as dependents cannot work in the U.S. ^[8].
• F-2 dependents may study part-time or engage in avocational (non-degree) studies, but full-time academic study requires a change to F-1 status ^[8].
• M-2 dependents (for M-1 vocational students) are restricted from any employment or full-time study ^[8].

For employment-based visa holders (e.g., H-1B, L-1, E-2), spouses and children under 21 can obtain derivative visas such as H-4, L-2, or E-2:

• H-4 dependents cannot work unless they qualify for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) under specific conditions (e.g., H-1B spouses with approved I-140 petitions) ^[10].
• L-2 dependents can apply for work authorization in the U.S. ^[10].
• E-2 dependents (spouses) may work with an Employee Authorization Card, while children can attend school but cannot work ^[9].
• All dependents must complete the DS-160 form, attend an interview, and provide documents such as marriage/birth certificates and the primary visa holder’s approval notice ^[9].

The application process for dependents generally mirrors the primary applicant’s steps:

1. The primary visa holder must first secure their visa or status.
2. Dependents file separate applications with the same consulate or USCIS, including proof of relationship (e.g., birth/marriage certificates) ^[5].
3. Dependents may need to demonstrate financial support, either through the primary applicant’s income or independent means ^[8].

Visitor Visas for Short-Term Family Visits

Family members who do not qualify for dependent visas—such as parents, siblings, or extended family—must apply for B-1/B-2 visitor visas to enter the U.S. temporarily. This process is more stringent, as applicants must prove they intend to return to their home country and will not overstay or work in the U.S.

Required documentation for B-1/B-2 visas includes:

• A valid passport with at least six months of validity beyond the intended stay ^[3].
• Proof of financial support, such as bank statements, employment letters, or sponsorship letters from the primary visa holder ^[3].
• Evidence of ties to the home country, such as property ownership, employment, or family obligations, to demonstrate the applicant’s intent to return ^[1].
• An invitation letter from the primary visa holder (e.g., a student or worker in the U.S.), detailing the purpose and duration of the visit ^[3].

Additional considerations for visitor visas:

• Visa Waiver Program (VWP): Citizens of participating countries (e.g., many EU nations) may visit the U.S. for up to 90 days without a visa, but they must apply for an ESTA authorization before travel ^[3].
• Graduation or special events: Universities may provide special invitation letters to support visa applications for family attending graduations or other events ^[3].
• Interview preparation: Applicants must convince consular officers of their temporary intent. Common reasons for denial include insufficient ties to the home country or lack of financial proof ^[1].

The B-1/B-2 visa does not permit employment or study, and overstaying can result in future visa ineligibility. Applicants should apply well in advance of travel, as processing times vary by consulate ^[1].