Replacing a wax ring under a toilet is a straightforward but critical repair that prevents leaks and sewer gas odors. The process involves removing the toilet, cleaning the old wax residue, installing a new wax ring, and securely reinstalling the toilet. Most sources agree that common signs you need a replacement include water pooling around the toilet base, unpleasant odors, or an unstable toilet. The job typically requires basic tools like an adjustable wrench, putty knife, gloves, and a new wax ring kit, with the entire process taking 1-2 hours for most DIYers.

Key findings from the sources:

• Always turn off the water supply and completely drain the toilet before starting ^[1][4][10]
• The toilet must be lifted straight up to avoid damaging the flange or wax residue ^[4][9]
• Thoroughly clean both the flange and toilet base before installing the new wax ring ^[6][8]
• A properly installed wax ring should create a watertight seal that prevents leaks and odors ^[2][5]

Complete Guide to Replacing a Toilet Wax Ring

Preparation and Toilet Removal

The first phase requires careful preparation to avoid water spills and damage. Start by turning off the water supply valve located behind or beneath the toilet, then flush to empty the tank and bowl as much as possible. Use a sponge or towel to remove any remaining water from the tank and bowl, as residual water can spill during removal ^[1][10]. Disconnect the water supply line from the bottom of the tank using an adjustable wrench, and place a bucket or towels underneath to catch any drips ^[5].

Before lifting the toilet, remove the plastic caps covering the flange bolts at the toilet base and unscrew the nuts using an adjustable wrench or channel locks. If the nuts are corroded, applying penetrating oil may help loosen them ^[4][8]. Key points for safe removal include:

• Lift the toilet straight upward to avoid breaking the wax seal prematurely, which could create a mess ^[9]
• Have an assistant help with lifting, as toilets typically weigh 60-120 pounds ^[5]
• Place the toilet on its side on a protected surface like cardboard or a drop cloth ^[10]
• Stuff a rag into the drain opening to block sewer gases while working ^[4]

Once removed, inspect the flange (the pipe fitting beneath the toilet) for cracks or damage. If the flange is broken or sits below floor level, you may need a flange extender kit before proceeding ^[7].

Installing the New Wax Ring and Reassembly

With the toilet removed, thoroughly scrape off all old wax residue from both the flange and the toilet's drain opening using a putty knife. Clean the areas with paper towels or a damp cloth, ensuring they're completely dry to prevent mold growth and ensure proper adhesion of the new wax ring ^[6][8]. If the flange bolts are corroded or damaged, replace them with new brass or stainless steel bolts from a wax ring repair kit ^[5].

Position the new wax ring centered over the flange opening, with the tapered side facing upward. Some wax rings come with a plastic funnel - if included, this should face downward into the flange ^[2][7]. For flanges sitting below floor level, you may need to stack two wax rings or use a wax-free rubber seal alternative ^[7]. Carefully lower the toilet straight down onto the flange, aligning the bolt holes with the flange bolts. Key reassembly steps include:

• Press down firmly but don't rock the toilet, as this can break the new wax seal ^[1]
• Hand-tighten the nuts onto the flange bolts, then alternate between sides to apply even pressure ^[5]
• Use a wrench to snug the nuts, but avoid overtightening which can crack the porcelain ^[10]
• Reconnect the water supply line and turn the water back on slowly ^[9]

After reassembly, check for leaks by flushing several times and examining the base. If leaks persist, the wax ring may not be properly seated, requiring you to repeat the process. Some professionals recommend applying a thin bead of plumber's putty around the base before final tightening for extra protection ^[7]. Allow 24 hours before regular use to let the wax form a complete seal ^[6].